| Character | Usage | 
          
            | * | Matches the previous character 
              zero or more times | 
          
            | + | Matches the previous character 
              one or more times | 
          
            | ? | Matches the previous character 
              zero or one times | 
          
            | . | Matches any single character 
              except the newline | 
          
            | ^ | Matches the start of the 
              input | 
          
            | $ | Matches the end of the input | 
          
            | x|y | Matches either first or 
              second character listed | 
          
            | (pattern) | Matches pattern | 
          
            | {number} | Matches exactly number 
              times | 
          
            | {number,} | Matches number, or 
              more, times (note comma) | 
          
            | {num1, num2} | Matches at least num1 
              and at most num2 times | 
          
            | [abc] | Matches any character listed 
              between the [ ] | 
          
            | [^abc] | Matches all characters except 
              those listed between the [ ] | 
          
            | [a-e] | Matches any characters in 
              the specified range (a,b,c,d,e) | 
          
            | [^K-Q] | Matches all characters except 
              in the specified range | 
          
            | \ | Signifies that the next 
              character is special or a literal. | 
          
            | \b | Matches only on a word boundary | 
          
            | \B | Matches only inside a word | 
          
            | \d | Matches only on a digit | 
          
            | \D | Matches only on a non-digit | 
          
            | \f | Matches only on a form feed 
              character | 
          
            | \n | Matches only on a new line | 
          
            | \r | Matches only on a carriage 
              return | 
          
            | \s | Matches only on a blank 
              space | 
          
            | \S | Matches only on nonblank 
              spaces | 
          
            | \t | Matches only on a tab | 
          
            | \v | Matches only on a vertical 
              tab | 
          
            | \w | Matches only on A to Z, 
              a to z, 1 to 9, and _ | 
          
            | \W | Matches characters other 
              than A to Z, a to z, 1 to 9, and _ | 
          
            | \number | Matches any positive number | 
          
            | \octal | Matches any octal number | 
          
            | \xhex | Matches any hexadecimal 
              number (x is required) |